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The shallow tremor was centred about three kilometres from the village of Dhing, close to India’s border with Bhutan, and occurred at around 4:17 am local time (2247 GMT on Sunday).
The USGS reported strong ground shaking in the affected area, but said the number of people exposed was likely limited, reducing the risk of widespread damage or casualties.
Northeastern India lies within the seismically active Himalayan belt, a region that experiences significant earthquakes on a regular basis and has recorded some of the country’s most destructive tremors.
Assam has suffered devastating earthquakes in the past, including a 1950 quake that killed around 4,800 people in Assam and Tibet. The Great Assam Earthquake of 1897 remains one of the most powerful ever to strike India, leaving hundreds dead in remote hill areas.